About Us
Who built this tool, who it is for, and exactly how every figure it produces is worked out.
See the methodologyThe impact
Why this cost is worth measuring
Two figures from the FDIC's national survey, giving a sense of the scale of the problem the calculator is measuring one household at a time.
On average, unbanked immigrants lose over $2,400 every year to excessive check-cashing and non-bank service fees.
Source: FDIC, 2023 National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households (Nov. 2024)
Banked vs. unbanked households in the U.S.
Share of U.S. households by banking status, 2023
- Fully banked 81.6%
- Underbanked 14.2%
- Unbanked 4.2%
Source: FDIC, 2023 National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households (Nov. 2024)
Our story
Why we built this
Where the tool came from, and the gap it was built to close.
This completely free tool began as a student research project developed with guidance from professors. It was driven by a simple observation: financial coaches and case managers often need more than abstract explanations to help individuals understand the value of lower-cost financial options, such as bank accounts or credit unions. A concrete, personalized number tends to resonate far more than a general statistic.
Many unbanked individuals do not have a clear sense of what alternative financial services are actually costing them. Small, frequent fees can feel insignificant in isolation, but over time they can add up to hundreds or even thousands of dollars per year.
This calculator is designed to make those costs more visible. By translating everyday financial behaviors into a clear annual estimate, it gives coaches and case managers a concrete starting point for conversations. It also provides clients with a simple, one-page PDF report showing exactly how much they are losing and where those costs come from, making it easier to understand their financial situation.
Our story
Who this is for
The people the tool was designed around, and the line it deliberately does not cross.
This tool is designed for financial coaches, case managers, and nonprofit programs working directly with unbanked and underbanked individuals. It is intended to support client conversations by providing a clear starting point for understanding how current financial habits translate into real costs.
Rather than offering financial advice, the tool provides a neutral, data-driven estimate of these costs, helping both clients and caseworkers explore potential alternatives together in a more informed and concrete way.
How it works
Methodology
The calculator adds up four categories of cost, each based only on what a person enters. Below is what each one is and roughly how it's worked out.
Check-Cashing Fees
What it is: The fee a check-cashing outlet charges to turn a paycheck into cash for someone who doesn't deposit it into a bank account.
How it's calculated: Either a flat fee per check, or a percentage of an estimated paycheck amount, multiplied by how many paychecks are cashed in a year.
Source: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households (November 2024). fdic.gov/household-survey
Money Order Fees
What it is: The fee charged each time someone buys a money order instead of paying a bill electronically from a bank account.
How it's calculated: The number of money orders purchased per month, multiplied by the fee per money order, multiplied by 12 months.
Source: United States Postal Service, official money order pricing (usps.com/shop/money-orders.htm), current as of 2025–2026.
Out-of-Network ATM Fees
What it is: The fee charged when withdrawing cash from an ATM outside a person's own bank or credit union network.
How it's calculated: The number of out-of-network withdrawals per month, multiplied by the average fee per withdrawal, multiplied by 12 months.
Source: Bankrate, 2025 Checking Account and ATM Fee Study (bankrate.com/banking/checking/checking-account-survey)
International Transfer (Remittance) Fees
What it is: The cost of sending money internationally, including both the upfront fee and the markup built into the exchange rate.
How it's calculated: The number of transfers per month, multiplied by the average amount sent and the reported fee percentage, multiplied by 12 months.
Source: World Bank Group, Remittance Prices Worldwide (remittanceprices.worldbank.org)
Illustrative Savings & Possibilities to Explore
What it is: Alongside the total cost, the tool checks a person's situation against a fixed set of rules to surface general possibilities — such as opening a low-cost account or comparing money-transfer providers — that are worth exploring further. This is informational only and is not a personalized financial plan.
How it's calculated: Each possibility is checked against a fixed, published threshold (for example, a minimum annual check-cashing cost) using only the information entered. Every possibility shown follows the same fixed rule every time the same information is entered — nothing here is generated by a language model or written on the fly. The section below goes into this process in more detail.
How it works
Possibilities to explore
How the entries shown after a calculation are produced — and why the same answers always produce the same list.
The possibilities shown after a calculation come from a separate, rule-based system built specifically for this purpose. It is not a statistical model and not an AI or machine-learning system of any kind — it is a fixed list of pre-written rules, each checked in the same way every time. The same answers entered twice will always produce the same possibilities, in the same order, with the same explanations. These are general, informational possibilities to explore and discuss with a coach or case manager — not personalized financial advice.
Each answer is checked against a fixed set of rules
The tool currently has 11 built-in rules, each written in advance and tied to one specific situation — for example, "check-cashing costs are above a set threshold, and the person has an accepted form of identification." Every rule looks only at the answers relevant to it and simply checks whether its condition is met. Nothing is estimated or guessed at this step; it is a yes-or-no check against the information entered.
Every rule that applies becomes a possibility
If a person's answers satisfy more than one rule, more than one possibility is shown — the tool does not pick just one and hide the rest. Each possibility is produced independently by its own rule, so the full list reflects everything that applies, not a single "best guess."
Possibilities are ordered by the size of the cost
Possibilities are displayed in order of the estimated annual cost each one relates to, largest first, calculated only from the figures entered. That ordering is arithmetic on a person's own numbers, on a single scale, and is not a judgment about which option is better or more advisable for them. Possibilities that have no dollar cost attached — gathering identification, or speaking with a caseworker — appear at the end of the list, which reflects only the absence of a fee to measure against, not lower importance.
An earlier version of this tool ordered possibilities by an internal 0–100 "match score" and displayed that number to the user. That has been removed. Each rule computed its score on its own scale, so the scores were not comparable between rules — one remittance rule could never exceed 58 while others could reach 100 — which meant the resulting order partly reflected internal constants rather than anything about the person's situation. Ordering by cost avoids that problem entirely.
Overlapping savings are not counted twice
Some possibilities address the same underlying cost — for example, two different account-opening possibilities might both target check-cashing fees. When that happens, only one of them is credited with that savings, and the other is marked as already included. This keeps the "illustrative annual reduction" figure shown on the calculator from double-counting the same dollar under two different possibilities. Because both possibilities in such a pair are measuring the identical fee, the choice of which one carries the figure is made by a fixed internal tie-break rule; it is not a statement that one option is better than the other.
When nothing clearly applies
If too many questions are left blank, or if the answers given don't clearly match any of the specific rules, the tool does not guess at a possibility. Instead, it shows a general note suggesting a conversation with a financial counselor, along with a plain explanation of why — for example, that a number of questions were left unanswered.
Every possibility explains itself
Each possibility shown includes a "Why this appeared" section, listing the specific facts from a person's answers that caused that rule to apply — for instance, that check-cashing was reported and the estimated annual fees crossed the relevant threshold. These explanations are pulled directly from the same rule that produced the possibility; they are not written separately or added afterward.
Contact
Get in touch
Interested in using this tool with your clients, or have feedback on how to make it better? This is a free, ongoing project — reach out anytime.